The oromo people are the largest ethnolinguistic group of ethiopia, constituting more than onethird of the population and speaking a language of the cushitic branch of the afroasiatic family. Sep 19, 2011 the oromo gada system seems to be uncommon among oromo in other parts of the country. Cushitic speakers have occupied parts of northeastern and eastern africa for as long as recorded history. These two major groups are in turn subdivided into an assortment of clan families. Borana and barentu in oromo oral history are said to be brothers who were the sons orma, father of all oromos. The basis for this word list is aadaa boraanaa, a dictionary of borana culture which was produced by rev. The borana oromo people, also called the boran, are a subethnic section of the oromo people who live in southern ethiopia and northern kenya. In these people, it has been serving as an institution that regulates the social, political, cultural and economic norms and events ibid.
The genetic structure and history of africans and african americans pdf. The history of the arrival of the oromo people in the sixteenth century in east africa from outside is a fabrication and denial of historical facts. Full text of englishborana word list internet archive. May 03, 2009 malfadhow was one of the famous musicians from ajuran borana community. By the late 18th century, the influence of the central government of ethiopia had declined, and local governors and kings enjoyed greater autonomy. These interstate and interethnic conflicts seem to have been.
Composed of approximately a dozen tribal clusters, these peoples prefer just the term oromo when speaking of themselves. The borana people of southern ethiopia have a rich and complex oral literature. Indigenous federation the case of borana oromo, ethiopia. The former oromo traditional leader, abba gadaa hiddoo galgaloo of the hawattu assembly, was killed in a car accident on may 27th, 2009. Pdf the community conserved landscape of the borana oromo. Adulaa gada ruling council argaa dhageeti a person who is an expert in borana oral history bisaan water dhugaa truth eela well waterwater hole gadaa indigenous socio cultural institution of oromo in general and borana in particular. This article draws attention to the borana oromo gadaa system as an indigenous. Dacci is the mystical influence of history on the present course of events. Particularly emperor iyoas i 173055, who was half borana, favored his mothers borana kinsmen and allies, and in his era, the borana language was the language of the court in gondar. The data were gathered through interview and discussion with oromo elders. It is a myth created by abyssinian court historians and monks, sustained by their european supporters and which the ethiopian rulers used to lay claim on oromo territory and justify their. Choman district in particular belongs to the macha oromo, borana oromo branch who were separated from the barentu probably long before the 16th c 3,4. Ciinna the borana oromo narration of the 1890s great rinderpest. Conflicts among pastoralists in the borana area of southern.
Borana oromo people wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Borana gada governing system has being in place for the last five centuries. However, the guji and borana oromos have kept the gada institution and its rituals fresh with its flavor. The oromo nation is the community concerned with the gada system. It is believed that oromos inhabited a territory surrounding mada walabu, a region located in southern oromia region of ethiopia, before expansion. Abaarsa curse as part of ostracising a borana, or exclusion from nagaa borana. May 31, 2009 a tribute to the late abba gadaa hiddoo galgaloo. The borana is one of the major pastoralist groups who belong to large ethnic group of oromo society. However, what is not so well known, beyond the oromospeaking borana and the few outsiders who have studied it. Get a detailed look at the language, from population to dialects and usage. The borana oromo people, also called the boran, are a subethnic section of the oromo people who live in southern ethiopia oromia and northern kenya. The gada system is a class system that succeeds each other every eight years in assuming politico military administration, economic management and other social activities. All activities and life of each and every member of the oromo was guided by an egalitarian socio economic and political structure of the society called the gada system. The borana people are notable for practicing gadaa system without interruption.
First of all, the word list is offered as an aid to any english speaker who is interested in learning the borana lan guage, a dialect of the widely spoken oromo language of ethiopia. One highly developed selfsufficient system which has influenced every aspect of oromo life is the gadaa system. An indigenous water management system, the case of borana oromo people by dassuu duulaa, wageningen universitydepartment of social science generally, it can be concluded that water has decisive roles in the socioeconomic and politics of the borana people. The objective of the research is to assess the underlying factors related to the formation, development and transformation of conflicts between the borana and garri since 1990. The borana oromo people, also called the boran, are a subethnic section of the oromo people. The oromo gada system seems to be uncommon among oromo in other parts of the country. Nevertheless, researching the history of the oromo we found a strong antagonistic prejudice towards the people from the part of amharatigray society. For most ethiopian and ethiopianist scholars, oromo history began in. Nov 05, 2017 41 according to professor mohammed hassen, bahreys 12 page manuscript, which made him an authority on oromo history of the 16 th century, has six significant scholarly contributions. Oromia, ethiopia, oromo borana arsiguji, afroasiatic 1. B comparative chronology of us, ethiopia and borana leaders145 c the incumbent and future gadaa councils 20082024146 d administrative map of oromia national regional state147 e a pilot politicosocial strati cation of onrs148 f clan structure of boranaoromo boran149 g. As a result the borana oromo were displaced from a large. Oalf oromo abo liberation front olf oromo liberation front. The purpose of this paper is to make known historical development of written afaan oromo to 1900.
They have retained virtually intact the gada, or highly formalized ageset system a system in which all members. Representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity 2016 url. The borana zone3 is inhabited by different ethnic groups, including oromo, somali, gedeo, burji, konso, amhara, worradube and bonta. The borana are one of the major seminomadic pastoralist oromo cushiticspeaking people living in eastern and north eastern africa.
Malfadhow was one of the famous musicians from ajuranborana community. Pdf the politics of space in borana oromo, ethiopia. It is a viable socialpolitical system of government where leaders are elected to position of authority through the will and active participation of the people they represent. The oromo as recorded in ethiopian literature 25 reconstruction of oromo national identity. The gada system has been practiced for centuries and remains functional into the present among all of the major clans such as borana, guji, gabra, karrayu, arsi, afran qallo, ituu, humbana, tulama and macha clans of the oromo nation. These three closely related forms of the oromo language family are classified together as one language under the name borana arsiguji oromo. Oromia, ethiopia, oromo boranaarsiguji, afroasiatic. There are almost 4 million borana people, most living in ethiopia. Oromia, ethiopia, oromo boranaarsiguji, afroasiatic 1. The borana are the southernmost horners of the horn peninsula.
The gumii gaayoo general assembly of the borana held every 8 years of 1996 was attended by the president of ethiopia, nagaso gidada and by the president of oromia region, kumaa dammaqsaa hukka hukka the 37th gumii gaayo assembly. Gada system, an indigenous democratic sociopolitical system. An indigenous water management system, the case of borana. These three closely related forms of the oromo language family are classified together as one language under the name boranaarsiguji oromo. It is believed that oromos inhabited a territory surrounding mada walabu.
Over 95,000 km2 in size, it is home to over 350,000 people with a livestock population fluctuating around a million. Gada system oromo pdf one of such is the gadaa system of the oromo people. Thus, thinking that the oromo history before the sixteenth century. Historically, the oromo had homogenous culture, common sociopolitical and economic organizations embodied in the gada system. Ecologically and agriculturally oromia region is the richest region in the horn of africa. Early history of written oromo language up to 1900 tesfaye tolessa department of history and heritage management, college of social sciences, wollega university, post box no. The region has common border with all regional states of the. Originally confined to the southeast of the country, the oromo migrated in waves of invasions in the 16th century. The borana, gabbra and sakuye peoples are subethnic groups within the oromo people group, and share language and culture. Among the oromo clans, the borana and gabra reside mainly in the semiarid lowlands, while the guji and arsi oromo.
The various oromo people groups are the largest, most widely dispersed groups in ethiopia. Asafa jalata in the formation and development of individual or collective identity, the social condition is an objective agent, arising from economic, political, social and cultural aspects which are characteristic of the growth and history of the society in question. An introduction to the history of the oromo people by. Living in east african nations, the oromo people arelargely unknown to most of the world. Nagaa peace, security, stability and love odaa a sycamore tree considered as oromo national symbol representing multiple symbols and meaning. Marriage practices among the gidda oromo, northern wollega. Oromo borana tribe women culture oromo have a very rich culture, fostered by the size of the population and large land areas with diverse climatic conditions. Gadaais an indigenous democratic political system used by the oromo in which leaders are elected and their term in office is strictly fixed. The oromo people of east africa are divided into two major branches. Gada, the oromo traditional, economic and sociopolitical system.
Conflicts among pastoralists in the borana area of. Oromo history began in the sixteenth century when the oromo were actively recapturing their territories and rolling back the christian and muslim empires. Nov 1, 2018 this board is intended to be an educational resource. Oromia is a title used to refer to the oromo as a political, cultural, and social entity. Number was 289,000, but may now be as low as 10,000 55,000 language. Farming is an invasion, murku,borana tribal elder, describing how pastoralism is their life and the manner ethiopian govt is supporting commercial international farmers to encroach on their land. Tulama the two branches of the borana oromo held their chaffee or.
Some groups from the oromo people from southern ethiopia entered northern kenya during the 16th century. Societal memory is utilized to reconstruct that particular historical period, referred to by the borana as ciinna tiittee guracha the extermination of cattle whose. Customary institutions in contemporary politics in borana zone, oromiya, ethiopia chapter pdf available january 2012 with 315 reads how we measure reads. Ton leus and cynthia salvadori and published in march, 2007.
The story begins at a time when the medieval christian kingdom of abyssinia was rapidly disintegrating and ends shortly before the creation of the modern ethiopian empire. Composed of approximately a dozen tribal clusters, these peoples prefer just. Pdf the origins of the galla and somali researchgate. His music was about love and relationships among other things. This article draws attention to the borana oromo gadaa system as an indigenous federation. If you own the on any of these images, let me know in the comments and i will credit you in the caption. The case of borana oromo, ethiopia abstract this article draws attention to the borana oromogadaasystem as an indigenous federation. Livestock products, coffee, oil seeds, spices, mineral resources and wild life are all diverse and abundant. The oromo people is the largest of the cushitic speaking groups of people in africa and also the largest ethinic group of ethiopia.
Oral traditions of the society collected at different time also contain and. Marriage practices among the gidda oromo southwestern part of gojjam see map 1. Over 95,000 km2 in size, it is home to over 350,000 people with a. It is of great importance for us to know more about the process of formation of the people. They speak a dialect of the oromo language that is distinct enough that it is difficult for other oromo speakers to understand. This study deals mainly with the history of the oromo of the area the gibe region.
The new additional groups added were the oromo, and later. Marriage practices among the gidda oromo, northern. The lists of 80 most famous oromo women and men in history. Study area the fieldwork of this rural resilience assessment project was conducted in borana, ethiopia figure 1. This method provided me indispensible data to study gadaa system. Pdf customary institutions in contemporary politics in. Guji oromo ways of life, gadaa system and waaqefanna. The speech of the borana is an oromo langauge closely related to the speech of two other oromo groups, the arsi and the guji. This study deals with conflicts among pastoralists in the borana area of southern ethiopia focusing on the case of the borana and garri peoples. Geographical location and range of the gada system. The community conserved landscape of the borana oromo, ethiopia.
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